­¦ý°±·;œ œ›œ œœ œR ¿FæÓàïþºÄCompObj\WordDocumenti5ObjectPoolÄ'VàïþºÄ'Vàïþºœ œœ ¿FMicrosoft Word 6.0 DocumentœNB6WWord.Document.6;œ œ ÚüÖýO˜h´ë+'„0æòý$A G S _ks {᧠¨@Dawg Daze:Applications:Microsoft Office:Microsoft Word 6:NormalControversial essay assignmentPower Computing UserPower Computing User'@x+eïЀhS¿ eli5f2¥2¥¥2¥2¥2¥2¥2$33333 3 *33V4a@3@3@3@3@3@3@3@3.4040404040404&…4X5ZV4¥2@3@3@3@3@3V4@3¥2¥2@3@3@3@3@3@3¥2@3¥2@3.4ÿ2Ê2"¥2¥2¥2¥2@3.4@3Ó@3 Student Handout #1 Assignment Guide: CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES WRITING PROCESS: Introduction The writing process below is designed to assist you in developing the necessary skills need to write a controversial essay. Complete each one of the steps listed below. Step 1: In a small group brainstorm a list of biotechnology issues and pose them as questions. Step 2: From your list, choose an issue on which reasonable people disagree, that you care about, is current, and that can easily be researched. Step 3: Complete a quickwrite of the following: € State your issue. € Give your opinion on the issue in a few sentences. € Give the major opposing opinion(s) on the issue in a few sentences. € Describe your readers or audience. Step 4: Set up a pro/con table for your issue. On the pro column list your reasons for supporting your opinion. On the con side list reasons that oppose your position. When you complete this task, examine your table and ask yourself whether you know enough to write an extended essay. Step 5: Re-examine the sources of information that you may need to write your essay. Step 6: Complete a quickwrite of the following: € first draft of your thesis. € a list of possible reasons that support your thesis. € after reflecting on your reasons, put asterisks (*) by your most promising reasons. Step 7: Make an appointment with your teacher and discuss Step 6. Step 8: Complete an argument/counterargument matrix in which you € List your reasons for believing as you do. € Explain briefly why each is a good reason for your particular audience. € List counterarguments. € Write down some ways you can answer or defend your own reasons against the counterarguments. Step 9: Do a quickwrite about the kind of evidence you need to support your reasons. Also, think of the kinds of evidence that would help your readers accept your reasons. Do you know authorities on the issue? Have you had a personal experience with it? Step 10: Gather additional information and evidence that will help you argue your position. Step 11: Write a brief outline for your essay. Plan to include a clear definition of the issue, a stand that is clearly stated in a thesis, and sound reasoning with solid evidence that argues your position and acknowledges and refutes counterarguments. Step 12: Write your rough draft. Try to have your opening engage your readers' attention. When arguing points, appeal to your readers' sense of reason. Techniques to develop support might include: € examples and details € personal experiences € quotations € expert opinion € analogy € comparisons/contrasts € rhetorical questions € inductive/deductive reasoning Avoid making sweeping generalizations or oversimplifying the issue. End strongly. Have your tone create a favorable impression so that readers will take the position seriously. Step 13: Evaluate your draft by answering these questions: € Have I considered my reader's beliefs and opinions in this essay? € Do I have strong reasons to support my opinion and evidence to back up my reasons? € Have I thought about counterarguments and answered those arguments? € Where is more evidence needed? List things that you might want to add and change in your draft. What specific problems in the draft are you having difficulty solving? Step 14: Have your draft evaluated by at least two other students. (Use the response guide in Step 13) Step 15: Reread your own and the other students' evaluations. Revise your paper by paying attention to your evaluator's suggestions and by trying to do the following: € Try to accommodate your reader by finding common ground, perhaps emphasizing areas of agreement. € Include personal experience, examples, and anecdotes that put the issue in human terms. € Make your argument seem more understandable and reasonable by fully explaining reasons and developing points through several strategies and a wide range of evidence. € Make sure that your argument follows logically. € Alert your readers through the use of transitions. € Look for abstract or unclear writing; use familiar words instead of unusual ones; rewrite convoluted sentences. € Reconsider both the beginning and the ending. € Edit carefully to correct errors of mechanics, spelling, usage, punctuation, or style. Read for specific errors that you commonly make. After you have produced a final copy, be sure to proofread it before handing it in. 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