Today you will learn How was science integrated into ancient civilizations What physical, cultural, and spiritual purposes were addressed through astronomical observation and prediction How the Inca civilization learn about the universe Goal You will learn how celestial observation was used by ancient cultures to measure time, plant crops, and influence the fate of kingdom. Student Lecture Notes   1. List three practical reasons why ancient people would want to know when the solstices will occur. a. _______________________________________________ b. _______________________________________________ c. _______________________________________________ 2. Many ancient cultures supported people who were part astronomer, part doctor, part advisor, and part priest. How were their basic activities like those of modern scientists?   3. What were the pillars around Cuzco and the Island of the Sun used for?   4. What does the distance between these pillars indicate about the Inca solar festivals?   5. What was the significance of the “Island of the Sun” for the Inca people?   6. At Machu Picchu, how did they measure the date of the June solstice?